Algebraic observer design for PEM fuel cell system

© 20xx IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.In this paper, the concept of the algebraic observer is applied to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) system. The aim of the proposed observer is to reconstruct the oxygen excess ratio through estimation of their relevant states in real time from the measurement of the supply manifold air pressure. A robust differentiation method is adopted to estimate in finite-time the time derivative of the supply manifold air pressure. Then, the relevant states are reconstructed based on the output-state inversion model. The objective is to minimize the use of extra sensors in order to reduce the costs and enhance the system accuracy. The performance of the proposed observer is analyzed through simulations considering measurement noise and different stack-current variations. The results show that the algebraic observer estimates in finite time and robustly the oxygen-excess ratio.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Air flow regulation in fuel cells: an efficient design of hybrid fuzzy-PID control

This paper presents a hybrid fuzzy-PID controller for air flow supply on a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. The control objective is to adjust the oxygen excess ratio at a given setpoint in order to prevent oxygen starvation and damage of the fuel-cell stack. The proposed control scheme combines a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and classical PID controller with a view to benefit the advantages of both controllers. The results show that the proposed technique performs significantly better than the classical PID controller and the FLC in terms of several key performances indices such as the Integral Squared Error (ISE), the Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and the Integral Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) for the closed-loop control system.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Robust fuzzy sliding mode control for air supply on PEM fuel cell system

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller is employed for air supply on proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems. The control objective is to adjust the oxygen excess ratio at a given set point in order to prevent oxygen starvation and damage to the fuel-cell stack. The proposed control scheme consists of two parts: a sliding mode controller (SMC) and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) with an adjustable gain factor. The SMC is used to calculate the equivalent control law and the FLC is used to approximate the control hitting law. The performance of the proposed control strategy is analysed through simulations for different load variations. The results indicated that the adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFSMC) is excellent in terms of stability and several key performance indices such as the integral squared error (ISE), the integral absolute error (IAE) and the integral time-weighted absolute error (ITAE), as well as the settling and rise times for the closed-loop control system.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Nonlinear observer design for PEM fuel-cell systems using first-order sliding mode techniques

This paper presents a nonlinear observer design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel-Cell (PEMFC) systems. The aim of the proposed observer is to reconstruct the oxygen excess ratio through the estimation of their relevant states in real time from the measurement of the supply manifold air pressure. A First-Order Sliding Mode (FOSM) differentiation method is adopted to estimate, in finite time, the time derivative of the supply manifold air pressure. By means of the output-state inversion model, the relevant states are reconstructed. The objective of the proposed appproach is to minimize the use of additional sensors in order to reduce the costs and enhance the system accuracy. The performance of the proposed observer is analyzed through simulations considering measurement noise and different stack-current variations. The results show that the nonlinear observer properly estimates in finite time and robustly the oxygen excess ratio.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Algebraic observer-based output-feedback controller design for a PEM fuel cell air-supply subsystem

© 20xx IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.In this paper, an algebraic-observer-based output-feedback controller is proposed for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) air-supply subsystem, based on both algebraic differentiation and sliding-mode control approaches. The goal of the design is to regulate the Oxygen Excess Ratio (OER) towards its optimal setpoint value in the PEMFC air-supply subsystem. Hence, an algebraic estimation approach is used to reconstruct the OER based on a robust differentiation method. The proposed observer is known by its finite-time convergence and low computational time compared to other observers presented in the literature. Then, a twisting controller is designed to control the OER by manipulating the compressor motor voltage. The parameters of the twisting controller have been calculated by means of an off-line tuning procedure. The performance of the proposed algebraic-observer-based output-feedback controller is analyzed through simulations for different stack-current changes, for parameter uncertainties and for noise rejection. Results show that the proposed approach properly estimates and regulates the OER in finite-time.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Modelling and observation of PEM fuel-cell systems: Application to the automobile transport field

Tesis llevada a cabo para conseguir el grado de Doctor por la Université de Laghouat.--2018-06-28Nowadays, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) are considered as one of the most efficient solutions for energy production to face both serious environmental pollution and energy crisis around the world. PEMFC are electrochemical devices that produce electricity, water, and heat from hydrogen and oxygen. Moreover, the PEMFC, also called Solid Polymer Fuel Cell (SPFC), are used in a wide range of applications, with advantages such as high efficiency, low weight, low pollution and low operation temperature, features that allow fast starting times in the PEMFC systems. However, for applications that require the tracking of rapid load changes, such as transport applications, the PEMFC must be able to follow rapid load changes and also able to be adapted to varying operating conditions. As a result, advanced control strategies must be integrated to ensure that the ows entering the PEMFC stack are sufficient and well-conditioned. The first contribution of thesis is interested in the control of the PEMFC air supply system. The control objective is to regulate fast and efficiently the oxygen depleted in the cathode channel in order to avoid both oxygen starvation and saturation phenomena. This problem has been addressed using two controllers. The first control strategy, known as hybrid fuzzy PID control, is separated into three parts: fuzzy control, fuzzy-based self-tuned PID control, and fuzzy selector. The second control strategy, known as Second-Order Sliding-Mode (SOSM) twisting control, used an off-line tuning procedure to tune the controller parameters. Their performances are validated through extensive computer simulations. However, this is a challenging task because both two control strategies require knowing the exact value of Oxygen Excess Ratio (OER), which depends on internal variables such as the air pressure in the supply manifold and the partial pressures of both oxygen and nitrogen in the cathode. This means they should be used further sensors for measurements that increase both the overall system complexity and the cost while decreasing the efficiency of the fuel-cell system. Therefore, observers using only the measurements of available states become a cheaper and attractive solution. The second contribution of thesis presented an algebraic-observer-based output-feedback controller, which is based on both algebraic differentiation and sliding-mode control approaches. At first, an algebraic estimation approach is used to reconstruct the OER based on a robust di erentiation method. Then, the SOSM twisting controller presented in the first part of the thesis was adopted. The performance of the proposed algebraic-observer-based output-feedback controller is analyzed through simulations. Results show that the proposed approach properly estimates and regulates the OER in finite time.Peer reviewe

Air flow regulation in fuel cells: An efficient design of hybrid fuzzy-PID control

This paper presents a hybrid fuzzy-PID controller for air flow supply on a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. The control objective is to adjust the oxygen excess ratio at a given a set-point in order to prevent oxygen starvation and damage of the fuel-cell stack. The proposed control scheme combines a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and classical PID controller with a view to benefit the advantages of both controllers. The results show that the proposed technique performs significantly better than the classical PID controller and the FLC in terms of several key performances indices such as the Integral Squared Error (ISE), the Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and the Integral Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) for the closed-loop control system.Peer Reviewe

Nonlinear observer design for PEM fuel-cell systems using first-order sliding mode techniques

This paper presents a nonlinear observer design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel-Cell (PEMFC) systems. The aim of the proposed observer is to reconstruct the oxygen excess ratio through the estimation of their relevant states in real time from the measurement of the supply manifold air pressure. A First-Order Sliding Mode (FOSM) differentiation method is adopted to estimate, in finite time, the time derivative of the supply manifold air pressure. By means of the output-state inversion model, the relevant states are reconstructed. The objective of the proposed appproach is to minimize the use of additional sensors in order to reduce the costs and enhance the system accuracy. The performance of the proposed observer is analyzed through simulations considering measurement noise and different stack-current variations. The results show that the nonlinear observer properly estimates in finite time and robustly the oxygen excess ratio.Peer Reviewe

Robust fuzzy sliding mode control for air supply on PEM fuel cell system

In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller is employed for air supply on proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems. The control objective is to adjust the oxygen excess ratio at a given set point in order to prevent oxygen starvation and damage to the fuel-cell stack. The proposed control scheme consists of two parts: a sliding mode controller (SMC) and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) with an adjustable gain factor. The SMC is used to calculate the equivalent control law and the FLC is used to approximate the control hitting law. The performance of the proposed control strategy is analysed through simulations for different load variations. The results indicated that the adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFSMC) is excellent in terms of stability and several key performance indices such as the integral squared error (ISE), the integral absolute error (IAE) and the integral time-weighted absolute error (ITAE), as well as the settling and rise times for the closed-loop control system.Peer Reviewe

Air flow regulation in fuel cells: an efficient design of hybrid fuzzy-PID control

This paper presents a hybrid fuzzy-PID controller for air flow supply on a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. The control objective is to adjust the oxygen excess ratio at a given setpoint in order to prevent oxygen starvation and damage of the fuel-cell stack. The proposed control scheme combines a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and classical PID controller with a view to benefit the advantages of both controllers. The results show that the proposed technique performs significantly better than the classical PID controller and the FLC in terms of several key performances indices such as the Integral Squared Error (ISE), the Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and the Integral Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) for the closed-loop control system.Peer Reviewe